Distinguished from conventional communication fibers such as G.652, specialty optical fibers are customized through special materials, structural designs, and doping processes to meet the requirements of extreme environments, specific optical functions (amplification, polarization maintenance, nonlinearity), or special wavelength transmission. As core components, they are widely used in optical communications, lasers, sensing, military industry and other fields.

Core Characteristics: Customized performance and non-standardized design; with significant optimizations in materials (e.g., rare-earth doping, infrared glass, radiation-resistant coatings), structures (polarization-maintaining stress regions, photonic crystal air holes, double cladding, hollow core), operating wavelengths (UV, mid-infrared, THz), and durability (high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, high pressure resistance).

Standard Optical Fibers (G.652 single-mode, OM3 multi-mode): Designed for long-distance, low-loss transmission, standardization and low cost, mainly used in general communications.

Specialty Optical Fibers: Focused on dedicated functions, environmental durability and extreme performance, applied in non-general scenarios including lasers, sensing, precision measurement and harsh environments